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Compressors by type

Scroll, reciprocating, rotary and screw compressors, variable-speed compressors and compressors for heat pumps. For a replacement, model, refrigerant and voltage matter.

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Types

Hermetic or semi-hermetic?

Hermetic compressors are welded shut and are replaced as a whole. Semi-hermetic compressors are bolted and can be serviced and repaired.

Hermetic compressors Semi-hermetic compressors All compressors

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Frequently asked questions about compressor types

How do I tell which type my compressor is?

From the model designation on the nameplate. Copeland ZB, ZR and ZP are scroll compressors, Copeland D2 to D8 are semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors. Secop SC, Embraco NJ and Tecumseh AJ are hermetic reciprocating compressors. Bitzer models such as 4FES-5Y belong to the semi-hermetic ECOLINE series. The quickest way is to enter the model in the type search.

Which compressor type is used in which system?

Refrigerators, refrigerated counters and small cold rooms mostly use hermetic reciprocating compressors, such as Secop SC or Embraco NT. Condensing units for cold rooms often contain scroll compressors such as Copeland ZB for medium temperature and ZF for low temperature; larger units use semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors such as Bitzer ECOLINE. Split air conditioners mostly have rotary compressors, for example from GMCC or Panasonic. Large air-conditioning and refrigeration plants work with screw compressors.

Can I replace a reciprocating compressor with a scroll compressor?

Often yes, if cooling capacity at the operating point, refrigerant, application range and voltage match. Expect some conversion work, though: dimensions and connections differ, three-phase scroll compressors only compress with the correct phase sequence, and depending on the system charge the scroll needs a crankcase heater. Compare the capacity at your operating point in the manufacturer's selection software, e.g. Copeland Select. Have your refrigeration contractor check the change; via the spare part request we will suggest suitable models.

What is the difference between hermetic and semi-hermetic compressors?

Hermetic compressors are welded: motor and compressor sit in a sealed housing, and if one fails the whole compressor is replaced. They are found in refrigerated cabinets, condensing units and air conditioners. Semi-hermetic compressors are bolted together; valve plates, bearings and motor can be replaced. They are mainly used in commercial and industrial refrigeration, for example from Bitzer, Bock, Dorin, Frascold or Copeland. We can also repair semi-hermetic compressors for you.

What is a variable-speed compressor?

A frequency inverter or electronic unit adapts the speed to demand. The system then runs longer at part load instead of constantly switching on and off, and uses less energy. In air conditioners these are mostly inverter rotary compressors, for example from GMCC; in refrigerated cabinets, models such as Embraco VEM or VNEK. Compressor and electronics belong together; some compressors are supplied without electronics, as stated in the item. Copeland Digital Scroll (ZBD, ZFD) works differently: a solenoid valve briefly separates the scrolls. All models: variable-speed compressors.

Which compressors are suitable for heat pumps?

Heat pumps need compressors designed for high condensing temperatures and long running times in heating mode. Typical are scroll compressors such as Copeland ZH, Copeland YH and YP for refrigerants such as R454C and R32, or Bitzer ORBIT. Refrigeration compressors such as Copeland ZB are designed for other application limits. All models: heat pump compressors.

Which refrigerants are compressors available for – and what applies to R404A?

Every compressor is approved for specific refrigerants; this is stated on the nameplate and in the data sheet. Since 1 January 2025, virgin refrigerant with a GWP of 2500 or more, such as R404A or R507A, may no longer be used in the EU to service refrigeration systems; reclaimed or recycled refrigerant is allowed until the end of 2029 (Regulation (EU) 2024/573). Many compressors are therefore also approved for R448A or R449A, e.g. Copeland ZB. Flammable refrigerants such as R290 or R32 only with compressors and systems approved for them. You can request refrigerants via the refrigerant request.

May I install a compressor myself?

You can buy one without proof of qualification, because compressors are supplied with a holding charge of nitrogen or dry air, not with refrigerant. Installing it means opening, evacuating and recharging the refrigerant circuit. With fluorinated refrigerants such as R134a, R404A or R449A, only certified personnel may do this in the EU; in any case the work belongs in the hands of a refrigeration contractor. Help with your search: find a contractor.

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